Kdo se je poročil s Winnie Madikizela-Mandela?

Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936 – 2 April 2018), also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African politician, anti-apartheid activist, second wife of Nelson Mandela. During her political career, she served as a Member of Parliament from 1994 to 2003, and from 2009 until her death, and was a deputy minister of arts and culture from 1994 to 1996. A member of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on the ANC's National Executive Committee and headed its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was known to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".

Born to a Xhosa royal family in Bizana, and a qualified social worker, she married anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in Johannesburg in 1958; they remained married for 38 years and had two children together. In 1963, after Mandela was imprisoned following the Rivonia Trial, she became his public face during the 27 years he spent in jail. During that period, she rose to prominence within the domestic anti-apartheid movement. Madikizela-Mandela was detained by apartheid state security services on various occasions, tortured, subjected to banning orders, and banished to a rural town, and she spent several months in solitary confinement.

In the mid-1980s, Madikizela-Mandela exerted a "reign of terror", and was "at the centre of an orgy of violence" in Soweto, which led to condemnation by the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, and a rebuke by the ANC in exile. During this period, her home was burned down by residents of Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) established by Nelson Mandela's government to investigate human rights abuses found Madikizela-Mandela to have been "politically and morally accountable for the gross violations of human rights committed by the Mandela United Football Club", her security detail. Madikizela-Mandela endorsed the necklacing of alleged police informers and apartheid government collaborators, and her security detail carried out kidnapping, torture, and murder, most notoriously the killing of 14-year-old Stompie Seipei whose kidnapping she was convicted of.

Nelson Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990, and the couple separated in 1992; their divorce was finalised in March 1996. She visited him during his final illness. As a senior ANC figure, she took part in the post-apartheid ANC government, although she was dismissed from her post amid allegations of corruption. In 2003, Madikizela-Mandela was convicted of theft and fraud, and she temporarily withdrew from active politics before returning several years later. Her biography Winnie Mandela: A life was written by Anné Mariè du Preez Bezdrob and published in 2003.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, južnoafriški politik in državnik, borec proti apartheidu, * 18. julij 1918, Mvezo, Transkei, Južna Afrika, † 5. december 2013, Johannesburg, Južna Afrika.

Mandela je bil borec za svobodo, politični voditelj, aktivist, človekoljub in eden glavnih borcev za pravice ljudi v Južni Afriki. V prvih demokratičnih volitvah je bil izvoljen kot prvi temnopolti predsednik Južne Afrike. Predsedniški stolček je zasedal od leta 1994 do 1999. Svoje življenje je posvetil boju proti apartheidu, sistemu ki je ločeval pravice belcev od nebelcev. Bil je predstavnik politične stranke Afriški narodni kongres hkrati pa bil nekaj časa tudi član Komunistične partije Južne Afrike.

Mladost je preživel v klanu plemena Thembu, pozneje pa je študiral pravo na Univerzi Fort Hare in kasneje še na Univerzi Witsu. V Johannesburgu je postal odvetnik in s prijateljem ustanovil prvo pravno podjetje, ki je kot stranke sprejemalo tudi temnopolte v Južni Afriki. V 50. letih 20. stoletja je postal aktivist Afriškega narodnega kongresa (ANC), ki se je zavzemal za enake pravice vseh državljanov ne glede na raso. Spoznal je veliko aktivistov med njimi tudi Walterja Sisula in Antona Lembede. Z njuno pomočjo je ustanovil Mladinsko Ligo, ki se je ukvarjala z rekrutiranjem mladih aktivistov. Nelson Mandela je močno pripomogel k organizaciji številnih protestov še posebej po letu 1948, ko je podpredsednik države postal Daniel François Malan, ki je uvedel apartheid. Zaradi vedno hujših spopadov s policijo in vojsko se je Mandela skupaj z drugimi aktivisti odločil leta 1961 ustanoviti Kopje naroda, vejo ANC-ja, ki se je proti državi začela bojevati z orožjem. Leta 1962 so ga zaradi delovanja v tej skupini zaprli, kazen pa leta 1964 podaljšali na dosmrtno. Nelsona Mandelo so v naslednjih 27. letih premikali med različnimi zapori. Eden najhujših je bil zapor na Otoku Robben, kjer je bil Mandela v zelo slabih pogojih zaprt 18 let.

Zaradi pritiska ANC in tujine ter bojazni, da bo prišlo do državljanske vojne je tedanji južnoafriški predsednik Frederik Willem de Klerk februarja 1990 po dolgih pogajanjih Mandelo izpustil, kar je obema prislužilo Nobelovo nagrado za mir za leto 1993. Maja 1994 je bil Mandela izvoljen za predsednika države v prvih demokratičnih volitvah. Po izteku mandata leta 1999 je ostal dejaven v prizadevanjih za svetovni mir in v boju proti AIDS-u.

Nelson Mandela je v svojem življenju poleg Nobelove nagrade za mir prejel še okoli 250 drugih nagrad za borbenost, na katero pomislimo še danes, ko omenimo njegovo ime. Kljub temu pa je prejel očitke iz različnih vladnih in nevladnih skupin, največ zato, ker je bil dolgo časa član Komunistične partije. Očitki prihaja tako iz leve in desne strani vlade, a s svojimi dejanji se jim je Mandela uspešno izognil.

Ime »Madiba«, ki je častni naziv za starejše moške člane Mandelovega klana, je v Južni Afriki postalo sinonim za Nelsona Mandelo.